The Neurocardiac Model
Five-stage stress-response sequence
- TriggerAn event, memory, anticipation, internal dialogue, or other meaningful input.
- Central ProcessingThe brain assigns meaning and evaluates salience or threat.
- Autonomic DysregulationSympathetic/parasympathetic balance and related regulatory processes may change.
- Neurohormonal ResponseStress mediators and broader physiological signaling can participate.
- Cardiac ExpressionHeart rate, rhythm, hemodynamic, or other measurable manifestations may occur in susceptible contexts.
Recovery and regulation are cross-cutting processes that may influence the cascade; the model does not assume every event follows one fixed path.